Math Boxes

I was excited to see the introduction of math boxes in kindergarten this week. As a substitute last year I was always impressed with how well the students did with their math boxes. They seemed to know exactly what to do with each item, they took care of the items, they cooperated with their partners, and most importantly they were excited to do math! When my mentor teacher told me she was going to introduce math boxes this week I was excited to see that process.

When the time came she started by making a big deal about a special new thing she was going to show them.  She gathered them in a circle on the carpet and dramatically pulled a box out from behind her back.  They waited with baited breath.  She told them is was a box full of fun activities they could do with partners or on their own.  She said they would be available to the students at certain times during the day and maybe they could earn them as special treats.  They were thrilled.

Once they were all eager to know more, she opened the box and started taking out each individual item, stopping on each one to tell the students what it was called and what they could do with it.

 The first thing she pulled out was a counting strip. She showed them how they could use it to count forwards and backwards. She also showed them a card they could slide the strip into an use it to look at just one number at a time. Then she pulled out a small deck of cards they could use to identify numbers and count symbols.  One student suggested they play Go Fish with the cards and the teacher agreed that would be a good use of them.  Next was a deck of Garbage Cards, a game the students already know how to play.  She pointed out that the backs of the cards were colored different colors in each box, so it would be easier to keep track of which cards belonged in which box.   Next came the Five Strips, which can be put in order from one to one hundred, and can also be used to count by fives or tens.   The box also has a string of one hundred beads that she gave very little introduction.  Finally she showed a bundle of craft sticks with dots of them and two dice, both of which that can be used for adding, subtracting and comparing. 

After she introduced each item she partnered up the students and set them lose with a math box to explore.  While they worked she and I went from partner to partner to guide them with the tools, observe, and offer new suggestions for things to do.  This is a great opportunity for individual assessment!  I was able quickly notice several children who can count to 100 easily and others who made it pretty far but got stuck in certain areas.  I also had many opportunities to ask "how do you know?"  One girl told me there were 100 beads and when I asked how she knew she told me she had counted the red beads, noticed the groups of white were the same size and therefore must have the same number, then counted by fives to get 100.  Pretty good reasoning!

After 15 minutes of free exploration the teacher brought the class back together in the circle.  She had them sit with their partners and then we went around the room and had each group share something they had done with their boxes.  Many had done something she suggested, but several had done their own thing.  Everyone was eager to share what they had done.  I'd like to say they were also eager to hear what their classmates had done, but mostly they just wanted to talk. :)

A few days later I pulled out the math boxes again when we had an unexpected ten minutes at the end of the day.  I partnered up the students, but had one pair who were very unhappy with the partnership.  I considered rearranging, but then decided that part of kindergarten is learning to work well with others, so I sat with them for a few minutes while they negotiated and figured out how to work together.  They finally settled on a game they both wanted to play and carried on happily together.  Math boxes are as much about the math as about the teamwork and partnership.   

Mindsets

Have you heard about the idea of mindsets? Namely "fixed" or "growth" mindsets? I first read about it in an article UVEI gave me last August, then I saw a TED talk about it at a teacher in-service day this fall. Last week at UVEI we had a guest speaker who talked about mindsets a lot as well. I think the idea is fascinating, so I finally bought the book.

Carol Dweck, the author, defines a fixed mindset as "believing your qualities are carved in stone." The idea that you are born one way and can't change. You are smart, or artistic, or athletic. You are great or you are not. However, the "growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts." With a growth mindset you believe that "everyone can change and grow through application and experience."

I'm on page 39 and so far the book does thrill me, but the idea does. She's given tons of examples on fixed mindset versus growth mindset, and each example makes it sound like a fixed mindset is a horrible thing and that fixed mindset people are awful to be around. The book starts off as a grandiose self-help book, right from the subtitle of the book, "How we can learn to fulfill our potential." I hope it gets a little more substantial as it goes along, although it's not even until the very last chapter that she talks about how to change your mindset. She does promise it's possible.

When I first heard of the idea I thought, "of course I'm a growth mindset!" Obviously. I am confident that I can do anything I set my mind to, and the idea that we are capped mentally or physically and are completely unable to improve ourselves is ridiculous. It wasn't until David Grant, the speaker at my UVEI seminar, said that it's possible for a person to have different mindsets in different areas, or to be mostly one mindset, but sometimes the other that I started thinking, "hmmm..." Professionally I have no doubt that I have a growth mindset. I am confident that anything I strive for, I can achieve, and do well at. I have always done very well and been very highly regarded at every job I've had. Not to brag, but it's true. My biggest doubt usually is whether or not I'll be happy with the career I choose.

However, this weekend I got to thinking about the diet and exercise side of my brain. I see people who are more fit than I am and think, "I could look like that if I tried." But I don't try. "I could lose this weight (again!) if I just set my mind to it." But I don't set my mind to it. Instead I walk around in an fog and eat more cookies. I think I could lose weight and be more fit if I just decided to make it happen, but maybe there's a layer down in my subconscious that says otherwise. Maybe I do have a fixed mindset in this area. Maybe somewhere inside I'm thinking I'll probably just fail again and that would be embarrassing (ok, I've had that thought many times!) so why bother trying. As long as I'm busy with kids and work and life, then I have an excuse to not try.

I was talking to my son last weekend about mindsets and he immediately decided he was a growth mindset because he loved to learn new things. I didn't argue with him, but as I thought about it over the next few days I realized that he likes to try new things as long as they are within his comfort zone. New computer apps, new books, new Lego projects, bring it on! New food? Nope! New extracurricular activities? Rarely. Even at school he often gets stuck and frustrated when the teacher asks him to do things differently than how he already knows. Maybe this is because he has a fixed mindset, at least in some areas. He has always been smart and everyone tells him so. Alan and I have been working hard on praising his efforts, not his brains, but he's heard us bragging about him through the years. Everyone else does too. Even his classmates constantly tell him how smart he is. We found a note from a classmate back in first grade that said "Happy Valentine's Day. You really know math. You are really smart." That's the translation anyway, from first grade spelling. :) Even back in first grade his friends were complementing his intelligence. So now when his teacher asks him to look at something differently, to try something in a different way then how he's comfortable with, he balks and refuses.

Tonight we were playing Spit (a card game) and I asked if we could play one-handed, the way the game is supposed to be played. He loves playing Spit and always plays two-handed. He's pretty good at it, but when I suggested one-handed he shut down. We talked about mindsets a bit again and he said he didn't want to try one-handed because he wouldn't be any good at it. We talked about what would happen in that case, which of course is nothing. I said it would be challenging for both of us, we would take the game a little slower, and we would both improve our skills. He ended up in tears and refused to play the game. It made me hurt to see him so stuck.

Dweck says, in her article,

"we found that students with the two mindsets had radically different beliefs about effort. Those with a growth mindset had a very straightforward (and correct) idea of effort -- the idea that the harder you work, the more your ability will grow and that even geniuses have had to work hard for their accomplishments. In contrast, the students with the fixed mindset believed that if you worked hard it meant that you didn't have ability, and that things would just come naturally to you if you did. This means that every time something is hard for them and requires effort, it's both a threat and a bind. If they work hard at it that means they aren't good at it, but if they don't work hard they won't do well. Clearly, since just about every worthwhile pursuit involves effort over a long period of time, this is potentially crippling belief, not only in school but also in life."

This idea saddens me, but also encourages me to read all the way to chapter eight where Dweck talks about how to change mindsets. For now my husband and I are (and have been for some time) working on the idea of praising behaviors, not abilities. The same applies to discipline/criticism as well. Comment on the behavior, not the person. This idea is popular in the parenting world, unrelated to mindsets, but it aptly applies to both. When you notice and comment on the effort a person puts into a project, instead of just the outcome, you are rewarding them for trying hard, not for being smart. That is the goal, continued growth and effort for all of us!

I start full time in kindergarten tomorrow and I have this idea in my mind. What words and behaviors do students exhibit for fixed and growth mindsets? As a teacher and a diagnostician, what signs should I be looking for to tell which mindset my students have. David Grant said in his UVEI presentation that the percentage of people of fixed versus growth mindsets is equal, so I should expect that of the students in my kindergarten class about half will have a fixed mindset and the other half will have a growth mindset. How can we tell, and, more importantly, how do we teach differently towards both sets? I will be observing my students with this in mind and, of course continue reading Dweck's book, chapter seven is aimed at parents, teachers, and coaches!

First day in kindergarten

A drawing for me from one my new kindergarteners.

I had my first day in kindergarten today.  I met the teacher (again), the para, the principal, lots of other people, and, of course, the class!   One thing I love about young kids is how willing they are to welcome new people in.  They all wanted to sit by me and talk to me.  I also tied more shoes and opened more snack/lunch bags today then I did all semester in 5th grade.  There are pros and cons to that, of course.  There's nothing wrong with kids who can tie their own shoes! :)  

The school is in the same distract as my last placement, yet very different in terms of demographics, philosophies, and even physical structure.  This will offer me a very different experience and many more learning opportunities.  

Two more days at UVEI this week, then full-time in kindergarten next week!

Understanding By Design

This week at UVEI we are learning unit design, based on the Understanding By Design (UbD) methodology, by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe. The three step process involves:

1. Desired results:  What are your established goals, enduring understandings, essential questions, etc. 
2. Assessment:  How will you assess the learning?  What are your performance tasks and other evidence?
3. Learning Plan:  What activities will you do in class to achieve the desired results?  

For the past two days we've had David Grant, one of the original planners behind UbD, as a guest speaker.  We've talked a lot about how people learn, mindsets, facets of understanding, and much more.   In between the lecture components we are also working on designing our own units to, hopefully, be taught this term.  

I'm working on a social studies unit my mentor teacher called "people in the neighborhood."  It seemed pretty straightforward when she suggested it last week, but as I delve into the details I'm uncovering plenty of questions.  For starters, I quickly found myself using the word "community" instead of "neighborhood."  I'll have to discuss the difference with her tomorrow and see what she intended.  Also, "neighborhood" could be very tightly defined, such as the streets around my house, or more broadly defined, such as the general area we live in, or more generically defined, such as a typical neighborhood.  I'm not sure what she had in mind.  I've also heard a lot about "community helpers" and I'm wondering if that's what she had in mind.  Also, has she taught this lesson in the past or will it be a new lesson?  Many things on my mind.  Fortunately UVEI has given us tomorrow to go to our schools, meet the class, and discuss the unit plan with our new mentor teachers. 

I enjoyed Christmas vacation, but I'm excited to get back to it, to meet the kindergarteners I'll be spending the rest of the year with! 

A new year, a new school, a new grade

Happy 2014!

It's hard to believe I'm half way through the year. My time in 5th grade is over... for now. Tomorrow I start in kindergarten at a whole new school.

Over vacation I worked on writing assessments of my understandings of four of the ten competencies for UVEI. I chose to do Learner Development, Learning Environments, Content Knowledge, and Planning for Instruction. Most were straightforward enough, but the Content Knowledge was challenging for me. The assessments ask what I believed about the competency before starting the program, what I learned during the program and during my placement that supported or changed my beliefs, what evidence to I have to support my beliefs, and what are my plans for my next placement. Challenging questions, especially if you don't have strong beliefs in an area. However, I got them done and my faculty coach deemed me competent in each one. That was good to hear!

This upcoming week I'll be at UVEI, learning about unit design. My new mentor teacher suggested I plan a social studies unit on "people in the neighborhood." I'll have to check the relevant Common Core standards, which I'm sure will be an early step in the unit design at UVEI. I think it will be a fun topic and I've already found lots of inspiration on Pinterest! Reminding myself that the lesson goal has to come first, before the fun.

One of the biggest challenges in writing my assessments is trying to find expert quotes. I've read tons of books, articles, and blogs, but to be able to recall and find relevant quotes is difficult. Also, many of the books I've read have been library books, or books I owned but have since passed along. I have to write six more assessments by the end of the school year, so maybe I can come up with a system or something to make it easier the next time around.